Classification of Digital computers:-
digital computers can be generally classified by size and power as follows, though there is considerable overlap :
* personal computer: A small signal user computer based on a microprocessor. In addition to the microprocessor, a personal computer has a keyboard for entering data. a monitor for displaying information, and a storage device for saving data.
* minicomputer: A multi-user computer capable of supporting from 10 to hundreds of user simultaneously.
* mainframe:- A powerful multi-user computer capable of supporting many hundreds or thousands of user simultaneously.
* supercomputer: An extremely fast computer that can perform hundreds of millions of instructions per second.
COMMON FUNCTION AREA OF COMPUTER SYSTEM:
now we should move ahead to know actually where we are using computers. common areas where we use computer are as follows:
* Internet:-
internet is a network of almost all the computer in the worlds. we can browser through much more information than we could do in a library and on single click. that is because computers can store enormous amounts of information. we also have very fast and convenient access to information. through E- mail, we can communication with a person sitting thousands of miles away in seconds. there is chat software that enables one to chat with another person on a real-time basis. video conferencing tools are becoming readily available to be common man. there are many websites through which we can read the latest or old news. there are matrimonial sites through which one can search for a suitable groom or bride.
type of internet uses method :-
i. medicine
2. word processing
3. Telecommunications
4. Digital video or Audio composition
5.Bank
6. mathematical calculations
7. reservations
8. Defense
9. E- learning
10. computers in business
11. ATM machines
12. Robotic
13. washing machine/
14. microwave oven.
15. planning and scheduling
16. sport.
17. Airplanes
18. weather analysis
Major parts of computer:-
there are three major parts of computer that should be clear before moving ahead:
1. Hardware:- It means the physical entity of computer, in other words it is the part of computer which can be seen and touched.
2. Software:- It is the program that runs on a computer. software in made up of instructions that tell the computer what to do. it is stored on disks in bits and bytes.
3. Firmware:- It is a program that s written to the read- only- memory (ROM) of a computing devices. it is added at the time of manufacturing and it is used to run user programs on the device.
Essential parts of computer:
our next step is to know the essential parts of computer.
[1]. CPU(Central processing unit):-
A central processing unit (CPU) or processor is an electronic circuit that can execute computer programs. the CPU is the brain of the computer.
The CPU has two main components, namely: The control unit and The Arithmetic/ Logical Unit (ALU).
★ The control Unit:-
The control unit ( Often called a control system or central controller) direct the various components of a computer. It reads and interprets ( decodes) instruction in the program one by one. the control system decodes each instruction and turns it into a series of control signals that operate the other parts of the computers control systems in advanced computer may change the order of some instruction so as to improve performance.
Among other tasks carried out are the control of input and output devices and passing of data to the Arithmetical/ logical Unit for computation.
★ The Arithmetic / logical Unit (ALU):-
The set of arithmetic operations that a particular ALU supports may be limited to adding and subtracting or might include multiplying or dividing, trigonometry function (sine, cosine, etc.) and square roots. Some can only operate on whole numbers (integers) whilst others use floating point to represent real numbers- albeit with limited precision. However, any computer that is capable of performing just the simplest operations can be programmed to break down the more complex operations into step that it can perform, therefore, any computer can be programming to perform any arithmetic operation- although it will take more time to do so its ALU does not directly the operation.
Motherboard:-
shows this line of motherboard:-
https://www.bing.com/th?id=OIP.rTh4J0BO1-UzPx5v72a0sgHaEK&w=212&h=110&c=8&rs=1&qlt=90&dpr=2&pid=3.1&rm=2 AND
Motherboard is the main circuit of a microcomputer. The motherboard contain the connectors for attaching additional boards. typically, the motherboard contains the CPU, BIOS, memory, mass storage interfaces, serial and parallel ports, expansion slots, and all the controllers required to control standard peripheral devices, such as the display screen, keyboards and disk drive. Collectively, all these chips that reside on the motherboard are known as the motherboard's chipset.
on most PC's it is possible to add memory chips directly to the motherboard. you may also be able to upgrade to a faster [PC] by replacing the CPU chip. to add additional core features, you may need to replace the motherboard entirely.
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